Carcinogens and DNA damage

Mechanisms of DNA damage by chromium(V) carcinogens.

Reactions of bis(2-ethyl-2-hydroxy-butanato)oxochromate(V) with pUC19 DNA, single-stranded calf thymus DNA (ss-ctDNA), a synthetic oligonucleotide, 5'-GATCTATGGACTTACTTCAAGGCCGGGTAATGCTA-3' (35mer), deoxyguanosine and guanine were carried out in Bis-Tris buffer at pH 7.0. The plasmid DNA was only nicked, whereas the single-stranded DNA suffered extensive damage due to oxidation of the ribose mo...

Radiation track and DNA damage

Tobacco-Specific Carcinogens Induce Hypermethylation, DNA Adducts, and DNA Damage in Bladder Cancer.

Smoking is a major risk factor for the development of bladder cancer; however, the functional consequences of the carcinogens in tobacco smoke and bladder cancer-associated metabolic alterations remain poorly defined. We assessed the metabolic profiles in bladder cancer smokers and non-smokers and identified the key alterations in their metabolism. LC/MS and bioinformatic analysis were performe...

DNA adducts of chemical carcinogens.

Introduction During the 30 years or so following the identification of the first pure chemical carcinogen (1), no common factors or pathways in the mechanism of action of carcinogens from different chemical classes were evident. For this reason perhaps, each class of carcinogen, e.g. the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, the aromatic amines and the nitrosamines, was often reviewed and discussed...

Detection of DNA damage induced in vivo following exposure of rats to carcinogens.

An alkaline elution assay previously used to detect single-strand breaks in DMA of cultured mammalian cells has been modified to allow the analysis of DMA damage in various organs of rats following exposure to chemical carcinogens. Prior to exposure, the DMA of neonatal animals was labeled with [3H]thymidine. DNA damage was assessed in liver, lung, thymus, brain, kidney, stomach, duodenum, colo...